Research explores how to implement basic income programs sustainably and effectively
The research points out that the main implementation challenges include vertical collaboration between levels of government, data integration and defining funding sources.

In the face of changes in the world of work, basic income (BI) programs have gained prominence as a solution to tackle social inequalities and improve economic equity. These programs offer regular cash transfers to low-income populations, often without the requirement of counterparts, providing greater flexibility than traditional policies. Although during the pandemic the relevance of RB has been amplified, effective implementation remains a central challenge.
FGV EAESP researchers Evan Michael Berman, Lauro Gonzalez, Eduardo Henrique Diniz and Mario Aquino Alves published a study in Public Administration Review. The study analyzed practical experiences of RB programs in various countries, identifying the main implementation issues and proposing evidence-based solutions.
Challenges and frontiers in the implementation of Guaranteed Income Programs
The researchers identified six main categories of challenges to implementing GR programs:
- Regulatory framework: The absence of clear regulations can make it difficult to integrate GR with other existing social benefits.
- Collaboration between stakeholders: Local and federal governments need to cooperate to prevent fraud and establish effective eligibility criteria.
- Data management: Integrated data collection and analysis systems are crucial for monitoring beneficiaries and optimizing eligibility criteria.
- Digital payments: The adoption of digital technologies reduces costs and expands the reach of programs.
- Financial sustainability: Permanent sources of funding, such as specific taxes, are essential for long-term viability.
- Political support: The engagement of the federal government is vital to ensure political support and resource allocation.
As such, the research highlights that ensuring financial sustainability is one of the biggest challenges for RG expansion. Proposals such as taxing luxury goods and e-commerce can provide stable funding sources for these programs. In addition, digital solutions for payments and data analysis strengthen operational efficiency and transparency.
RB programs offer a promising way to reduce social inequalities, especially in contexts of informal work and economic vulnerability. However, their expansion and effectiveness depend on advances in public governance, such as greater vertical collaboration between levels of government, integrated data management and innovative financing strategies.
Based on the conclusions of the FGV EAESP researchers, it is clear that the future of RB and cash transfers requires a multifaceted approach. Therefore, technological innovation, efficient governance and political support must be combined to meet the growing needs of low-income populations.
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